Gear pump is a type of volumetric fluid machinery, whose core function is to achieve quantitative, high-pressure, and stable transportation of various fluids (mainly liquids, some of which can transport high viscosity pastes) through mechanical motion of gear meshing. At the same time, it can also achieve fluid pressurization or quantitative distribution according to demand. The essence of its function is to utilize the volume change of the sealed chamber formed by the rotation of gears to convert mechanical energy into pressure energy and kinetic energy of the fluid, thereby achieving directional transportation of the fluid.

1、 Core function disassembly (combined with working principle)

A gear pump consists of a pair of meshing gears, a pump body, and front and rear end caps. During operation, the driving gear drives the driven gear to rotate:

Liquid suction effect: The "inter tooth groove" at the gear meshing gradually separates on the suction side (low-pressure area), forming a vacuum chamber that sucks fluid in from the suction port and stores it in the tooth groove;

Transport function: The rotating gear carries the fluid in the tooth slot to the discharge side (high-pressure zone);

Drainage and pressurization effect: The discharge side gear re meshes, squeezing the fluid in the tooth groove, reducing the fluid volume and increasing the pressure, and finally forcibly discharging it from the discharge port.

This achieves three core functions:

Fluid transportation: The most basic function is to transport fluids of different viscosities and types (applicable from low viscosity diesel to high viscosity lubricating grease and asphalt);

Pressure increase: It can increase the pressure of low-pressure fluids (such as oil in atmospheric pressure tanks) to the required working pressure (common pressure range of 0.5-31.5MPa, high-pressure types can reach more than 70MPa), meeting the pressure requirements of subsequent systems;

Quantitative supply: Due to the fixed displacement (volume of fluid conveyed) of each gear rotation, as long as the speed is stable, the output flow rate is highly uniform, which can achieve quantitative distribution or metering of fluid.

2、 Typical application scenarios (actual manifestation of their functions)

The role of gear pumps varies depending on the scenario, with the core being "high pressure, quantitative, and adaptable to high viscosity". They are widely used in industries, agriculture, transportation, and other fields

1. The "power source" of hydraulic systems (the main application)

As a hydraulic pump, it delivers high-pressure hydraulic oil to the hydraulic system, providing power for actuating components such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.

Application scenarios: Machine tools, construction machinery (excavators, loaders), cranes, injection molding machines, die-casting machines, ship deck machinery, etc.

Function manifestation: Convert the mechanical energy of the motor into the pressure energy of hydraulic oil, and drive the equipment to complete actions such as extension, rotation, and stamping through the flow of hydraulic oil.

2. Oil supply device for lubrication system

Delivering lubricating oil to mechanical moving parts (bearings, gears, guide rails, etc.) to achieve lubrication, cooling, and cleaning functions.

Application scenarios: engines, transmissions, reducers, large motors, machine tool spindles, etc.

Function manifestation: By quantitatively delivering lubricating oil, an oil film is formed on the surface of moving parts, reducing friction and wear while taking away heat and impurities.

3. Corrosion resistant conveying pumps in the chemical industry

Transporting various chemical media, especially suitable for high viscosity, low particle content (without hard impurities), and corrosive fluids.

Application scenarios: chemical pipelines, reactor feeding, coating/ink transportation, resin/adhesive transportation, etc.

Function manifestation: Gear pumps made of corrosion-resistant materials (such as stainless steel and fluoroplastics) can safely transport acidic and alkaline solutions, organic solvents, viscous slurries, etc., avoiding fluid leakage or pollution.

4. "Conveying and Boosting Pumps" in the Fuel/Energy Sector

Diesel engines and heavy oil boilers: transport diesel, heavy oil and other fuels, while boosting to meet the injection pressure requirements of the combustion system;

Gas stations and oil depots: Small gear pumps are used for unloading oil from tank trucks and pouring oil from oil depots (transporting finished products such as gasoline and diesel).

5. "Sanitary grade delivery pumps" for the food/pharmaceutical industry

Using sanitary grade materials (316L stainless steel) and no dead corners structure, transporting food raw materials or pharmaceutical intermediates to avoid contamination.

Application scenarios: dairy products (milk, yogurt), fruit juice, sauces (tomato sauce, salad dressing), medicinal liquids, capsule fillers, etc.

Function manifestation: While quantitatively conveying, ensure the hygiene of the fluid, without residue or secondary pollution.

6. Other special scenarios

Ship: transporting fuel, lubricating oil, cooling water, or serving as deck flushing pump, fire pump (low-pressure scenario);

Construction: transporting viscous building materials such as asphalt and waterproof coatings;

Mining: Transporting emulsion for hydraulic supports to provide power for mining machinery.

3、 Core advantages of action (why choose gear pump)

The function of gear pump can adapt to various complex scenarios, and the key lies in the advantages brought by its structure:

Suitable for high viscosity: can transport fluids with viscosity of 1-10 ^ 6 mPa · s (other pumps such as centrifugal pumps are not suitable for high viscosity);

Wide pressure range: capable of covering from low to high pressure, meeting different system requirements;

Stable flow rate: high precision in quantitative conveying, no pulsation (better than the flow stability of vane pumps and plunger pumps);

Simple structure: low failure rate, easy maintenance, suitable for harsh working conditions (such as high temperature, dust, vibration environment);

Strong self-priming ability: can be started without the need for a pump, suitable for long-distance suction.